Stink bugs, particularly the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), have become a significant nuisance in many parts of the United States, including New Jersey. Originally from East Asia, these pests were accidentally introduced to the U.S. in the mid-1990s. Since then, their population has grown rapidly, and they have established themselves in various regions, particularly in the Northeast, including New Jersey.

Where Stink Bugs Come From and Why They Are in New Jersey
Stink bugs are native to China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. They were first identified in the United States in Pennsylvania in the late 1990s and have since spread to other states, including New Jersey, due to their ability to reproduce quickly and adapt to different climates. They thrive in agricultural areas and are drawn to warm climates, making New Jersey’s changing seasons and agriculture-rich environment ideal for them.

Stink bugs enter homes primarily during the fall as they search for warm places to overwinter. When the weather cools, they look for shelter in cracks, window frames, and other small openings in buildings, including homes and offices. Once inside, they go dormant during the winter months, emerging again in the spring to return outdoors.

Seasonal Characteristics of Stink Bugs
Stink bugs are most active during the warmer months, typically from late spring to early fall. During this time, they feed on crops, fruits, and vegetables, causing considerable damage to agricultural products. In New Jersey, stink bugs are particularly problematic for farmers, as they can ruin crops like apples, peaches, and tomatoes.

As the temperature drops in the fall, stink bugs begin seeking shelter in homes and buildings to survive the winter. They are not active during winter but will emerge in the spring once the weather warms up, attempting to return to the outdoors.

Health Concerns and the Nuisance of Stink Bugs
Stink bugs are not known to bite humans or spread diseases, so they do not pose direct health risks. However, their presence can still be problematic for a few reasons:

Odor: When threatened or crushed, stink bugs release a foul-smelling odor from glands located on their abdomen. This odor is a defense mechanism to deter predators, but it can linger in the home, making it unpleasant for residents.

Invasion: Stink bugs often invade homes in large numbers during the fall, which can be alarming and difficult to manage. Their sheer number makes them a nuisance, especially when they gather around windows and other sunny areas inside the home.

Crop Damage: For farmers and gardeners, stink bugs are a serious threat. They feed on fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants, leaving behind scars, blemishes, and rot that reduce the quality and yield of crops.

What Stink Bugs Do When Scared
When stink bugs feel threatened, they emit a foul-smelling odor to protect themselves from predators. This defensive mechanism makes it difficult to handle them directly, as squashing or disturbing them releases this unpleasant smell, which can linger indoors. It’s best to avoid crushing them and instead use proper methods to remove or trap them.

Preventing Stink Bugs
Preventing stink bugs from entering your home is the first step in managing their presence. Here are some effective prevention strategies:

Seal Entry Points: Stink bugs enter homes through small cracks and gaps in walls, windows, and doors. Seal any cracks in the foundation, window frames, and around doorways. Install weather stripping and use caulk to close off potential entry points.

Use Screens: Make sure that all windows and vents are equipped with properly fitted screens. Check for holes or tears and repair them to keep stink bugs from entering.

Turn Off Outdoor Lights: Stink bugs are attracted to light, so turning off outdoor lights at night, especially in the fall, can reduce their attraction to your home.

Remove Food Sources: Stink bugs are drawn to gardens and fruit trees. If you have a garden, regularly harvest crops and remove fallen fruit to reduce their food sources.

Install Door Sweeps: Adding door sweeps to exterior doors can help prevent stink bugs from crawling underneath.

Treatment and Methods to Get Rid of Stink Bugs
If stink bugs have already entered your home, there are several ways to eliminate them effectively:

Vacuuming: The easiest way to remove stink bugs indoors is by using a vacuum cleaner. However, because they release their odor when threatened, it’s best to use a vacuum with a bag that can be immediately disposed of to avoid lingering smells.

Stink Bug Traps: Sticky traps placed near windows or entry points can help capture stink bugs indoors. These traps are simple and non-toxic, making them a good option for homes with children or pets.

Professional Pest Control: For larger infestations or ongoing problems, it may be necessary to call a professional pest control company. They can apply specialized treatments to both the interior and exterior of your home to eliminate stink bugs and prevent them from returning.

Insecticides: For outdoor areas or gardens, insecticides can be used to reduce the stink bug population. Be sure to choose a product specifically designed for stink bugs and apply it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Conclusion
Stink bugs, though not directly harmful to humans, can be a major nuisance in homes and cause significant damage to crops. Their seasonal behavior, particularly during the fall when they seek shelter indoors, makes them a recurring problem in New Jersey. Preventative measures such as sealing entry points and reducing outdoor attractants can help keep them out, while effective treatments like vacuuming, traps, and professional pest control services can eliminate infestations. Managing stink bugs properly ensures a more pleasant, odor-free environment while protecting gardens and crops from their damage.